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ppssnm https://www.ppssnm.online A **Privileges Motion** is a parliamentary tool used to address breaches of the privileges enjoyed by members of the legislature or the house as a whole. Parliamentary privileges are special rights, immunities, and exemptions granted to members to enable them to perform their duties effectively and without obstruction. If a member believes that their privileges or those of the house have been violated, they can move a Privileges Motion to bring the matter to the attention of the house. --- ### **Key Features of a Privileges Motion:** 1. **Purpose**: To address actions or behavior that undermine the dignity, authority, or freedom of the house or its members. 2. **Breach of Privilege**: A breach occurs when:    - A member is obstructed in performing their parliamentary duties.    - The house's authority or dignity is insulted (e.g., through defamation, contempt, or interference).    - There is disobedience to the rules or ord...

ppssnm https://www.ppssnm.online A **Call Attention Notice** is a procedural device used in parliamentary systems, particularly in India, to allow members of the legislature to draw the government's attention to urgent matters of public importance. It is a less formal method compared to an adjournment motion and does not involve adjourning the house. Instead, it facilitates a discussion on a specific issue with the concerned minister providing clarifications or responses. ### Key Features: 1. **Purpose**: To highlight and discuss urgent issues of public interest. 2. **Initiation**: A member submits a notice to the Speaker/Chairperson, requesting a discussion on a specific matter. 3. **Minister's Response**: The concerned minister responds to the issue raised by the member. 4. **No Voting**: Unlike other motions, no voting takes place on the issue. 5. **Time Limit**: The discussion is usually time-bound to ensure other parliamentary business is not disrupted. ### Process: 1. A ...

ppssnm https://www.ppssnm.online An **adjournment motion** is a procedural tool used in parliamentary systems to interrupt the normal business of the legislature to discuss a matter of urgent public importance. It allows members to raise critical issues that require immediate attention. If the motion is approved, the regular proceedings are adjourned, and the house debates the specified issue. ### Key Features: 1. **Purpose**: To draw attention to urgent matters of public concern. 2. **Urgency**: The issue must be of immediate importance. 3. **Debate**: If accepted, the house suspends regular business to discuss the issue. 4. **Voting**: Typically, no voting occurs on the issue itself; the motion is used to facilitate discussion. ### Process: 1. A member moves the motion, explaining its urgency. 2. The Speaker decides whether to allow the motion. 3. If approved, the house adjourns regular business to debate the issue. ### Example Use: In India, adjournment motions are used in the Lok...

ppssnm https://www.ppssnm.online As of my knowledge cut off in October 2023, Microsoft has been actively involved in quantum computing research and development, but it has not released a commercially available quantum chip. Instead, Microsoft's quantum computing efforts are centered around its **Quantum Development Kit (QDK)** and its unique approach to quantum computing called **Topological Quantum Computing**. ### Key Details About Microsoft's Quantum Efforts: 1. **Topological Qubits* *:    - Microsoft is focusing on **topological qubits**, which are theoretically more stable and less error-prone than traditional qubits used by other quantum computing companies (e.g., IBM, Google, Rigetti).    - Topological qubits rely on **Majorana zero modes**, exotic particles that are theorized to exist in certain materials and can be used to create more robust quantum states. 2. **Azure Quantum**:    - Microsoft offers **Azure Quantum**, a cloud-based platform that ...

ppssnm https://www.ppssnm.online **Virtual Card Overview:**   A virtual card is a digital version of a physical payment card, designed for secure online and mobile transactions. Here's a detailed breakdown: 1. **Key Features:**      - **Randomized Details:** Unique card number, CVV, and expiration date (not tied to your physical card).      - **Custom Controls:** Set spending limits, expiration dates, or restrict usage to specific merchants.      - **Single/Multi-Use:** Some are disposable (one-time use), others reusable with adjustable parameters.   2. **Security Benefits:**      - **Fraud Prevention:** Reduces risk of stolen card details since virtual numbers can’t be physically skimmed.      - **Subscription Control:** Use merchant-locked cards for free trials to avoid unexpected charges.      - **Breach Protection:** If a virtual card is compro...

ppssnm https://www.ppssnm.online The **J-35** (China's emerging stealth fighter, likely a naval/export variant of the FC-31/J-31) and the **F-35 Lightning II** (U.S.-developed 5th-generation multirole fighter) are both advanced stealth aircraft, but they differ significantly in design, capability, and operational maturity. Below is a structured comparison: --- ### **1. Development & Origin** - **F-35**: - Developed by Lockheed Martin (U.S.) under the Joint Strike Fighter program. - Three variants: F-35A (CTOL), F-35B (STOVL), and F-35C (carrier-capable). - Entered service in 2015; over **1,000 units** delivered globally. - **J-35**: - Developed by Shenyang Aircraft Corporation (China), evolving from the FC-31 prototype. - Likely intended for China’s aircraft carriers (naval variant) and export markets. - Still in testing; expected to enter service in the mid-2020s. --- ### **2. Stealth Technology** - **F-35**: - Mature stealth design with radar-absorbent materials (RAM), inter...

ppssnm https://www.ppssnm.online صحیح البخاری کتاب: علم کا بیان باب: اس بارے میں کہ جو لوگ موجود ہیں وہ غائب شخص کو علم پہنچائیں حدیث نمبر: 105 حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَکْرَةَ ذُکِرَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ فَإِنَّ دِمَائَکُمْ وَأَمْوَالَکُمْ قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ وَأَحْسِبُهُ قَالَ وَأَعْرَاضَکُمْ عَلَيْکُمْ حَرَامٌ کَحُرْمَةِ يَوْمِکُمْ هَذَا فِي شَهْرِکُمْ هَذَا أَلَا لِيُبَلِّغ الشَّاهِدُ مِنْکُمْ الْغَائِبَ وَکَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ يَقُولُ صَدَقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ کَانَ ذَلِکَ أَلَا هَلْ بَلَّغْتُ مَرَّتَيْنِ ترجمہ: ہم سے عبداللہ بن عبدالوہاب نے بیان کیا، ان سے حماد نے ایوب کے واسطے سے نقل کیا، وہ محمد سے اور وہ ابن ابی بکرہ سے روایت کرتے ہیں کہ (ایک مرتبہ) ابوبکرہ (رض) نے رسول اللہ ﷺ کا ذکر کیا کہ آپ ﷺ نے (یوں) فرمایا، تمہارے خون اور تمہارے مال، محمد کہتے ہیں کہ میرے خیال میں آپ ﷺ نے وأعراضکم کا لفظ بھی فرمایا۔ (یعنی) اور تمہ...

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ppssnm https://www.ppssnm.online The competition between **NVIDIA** and **Huawei** in the semiconductor and AI sectors is multifaceted, shaped by technological innovation, geopolitical dynamics, and market strategies. Here's a structured analysis: ### **1. Core Areas of Competition** - **AI Chips**:    - **NVIDIA** dominates with GPUs (e.g., A100, H100) and platforms like **CUDA**, critical for AI training. Their Hopper architecture emphasizes scalability for data centers.   - **Huawei** counters with the **Ascend series** (e.g., Ascend 910 for training, Ascend 310 for inference), positioning itself as a domestic alternative in China. - **Data Centers**:    - NVIDIA’s **DGX systems** and **Grace Hopper Superchips** target hyperscale AI workloads.   - Huawei’s **Atlas 900** clusters and cloud services integrate with its ecosystem, appealing to Chinese enterprises under "digital sovereignty" policies. - **Autonomous Vehicles**:    - NVIDIA’s **DRIV...

ppssnm https://www.ppssnm.online **Comparison: JF-17 Thunder vs. F-16 Fighting Falcon** **1. General Specifications:** - **JF-17 Thunder**: Lightweight, single-engine multirole fighter (Joint Pakistan-China development). Uses a Klimov RD-93 engine (derived from Russian RD-33) with 19,000 lbf thrust. Weight: ~14,500 kg (MTOW). - **F-16 Fighting Falcon**: Heavier, single-engine multirole fighter (US-developed, Lockheed Martin). Uses Pratt & Whitney F100 or GE F110 engines (29,000 lbf thrust). Weight: ~23,000 kg (MTOW). **2. Performance:** - **Speed**: JF-17 (Mach 1.6) vs. F-16 (Mach 2.0). - **Range**: JF-17 (~2,000 km) vs. F-16 (~4,220 km with drop tanks). - **Service Ceiling**: Both ~50,000 ft. - **Maneuverability**: F-16 excels with superior thrust-to-weight ratio and aerodynamics; both feature fly-by-wire systems. **3. Avionics & Sensors:** - **Radar**: JF-17 Block III has KLJ-7A AESA radar; F-16V features AN/APG-83 AESA. Both offer advanced tracking, but F-16’s radar benefit...

ppssnm https://www.ppssnm.online The **Fatah-II** is an advanced tactical missile system developed by Pakistan, designed to enhance precision strike capabilities as part of the country's Full Spectrum Deterrence posture. Here are the key details: ### **Development & Overview** - **Developer**: National Engineering and Scientific Commission (NESCOM), a key player in Pakistan's defense sector. - **Name Meaning**: "Fatah" translates to "Conqueror" or "Victory" in Arabic/Urdu. - **Purpose**: A response to regional threats, particularly India's missile defenses and Cold Start doctrine, emphasizing quick deployment and high accuracy. ### **Technical Specifications** - **Range**: Approximately **400 km**, significantly extending Pakistan's tactical reach compared to earlier systems like the Fatah-I (140 km). - **Payload**: High-explosive fragmentation warhead, potentially with options for cluster munitions or submunitions. - **Guidance System...

ppssnm https://www.ppssnm.online صحیح البخاری کتاب: علم کا بیان باب: باب: رسول اللہ ﷺ کے اس ارشاد کی تفصیل میں کہ بسا اوقات وہ شخص جسے (حدیث) پہنچائی جائے سننے والے سے زیادہ (حدیث کو) یاد رکھ لیتا ہے۔ حدیث نمبر: 67 بَاب الْعِلْمُ قَبْلَ الْقَوْلِ وَالْعَمَلِ لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ فَبَدَأَ بِالْعِلْمِ وَأَنَّ الْعُلَمَاءَ هُمْ وَرَثَةُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَرَّثُوا الْعِلْمَ مَنْ أَخَذَهُ أَخَذَ بِحَظٍّ وَافِرٍ وَمَنْ سَلَكَ طَرِيقًا يَطْلُبُ بِهِ عِلْمًا سَهَّلَ اللَّهُ لَهُ طَرِيقًا إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَقَالَ جَلَّ ذِكْرُهُ إِنَّمَا يَخْشَى اللَّهَ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ الْعُلَمَاءُ وَقَالَ وَمَا يَعْقِلُهَا إِلَّا الْعَالِمُونَ وَقَالُوا لَوْ كُنَّا نَسْمَعُ أَوْ نَعْقِلُ مَا كُنَّا فِي أَصْحَابِ السَّعِيرِ وَقَالَ هَلْ يَسْتَوِي الَّذِينَ يَعْلَمُونَ وَالَّذِينَ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَنْ يُرِدْ اللَّهُ بِهِ خَيْرًا يُفَقِّهْهُ فِي الدِّينِ وَإِنَّمَا الْعِلْمُ بِالتَّعَلُّمِ وَقَالَ أَبُو ذَرٍّ لَوْ و...

ppssnm https://www.ppssnm.online صحیح البخاری کتاب: علم کا بیان باب: اس بیان میں کہ جس شخص سے علم کی کوئی بات پوچھی جائے اور وہ اپنی کسی دوسری بات میں مشغول ہو پس (ادب کا تقاضا ہے کہ) وہ پہلے اپنی بات پوری کر لے پھر پوچھنے والے کو جواب دے حدیث نمبر: 59 حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا فُلَيْحٌ ح و حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ فُلَيْحٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي هِلَالُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ بَيْنَمَا النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي مَجْلِسٍ يُحَدِّثُ الْقَوْمَ جَاءَهُ أَعْرَابِيٌّ فَقَالَ مَتَى السَّاعَةُ فَمَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُحَدِّثُ فَقَالَ بَعْضُ الْقَوْمِ سَمِعَ مَا قَالَ فَكَرِهَ مَا قَالَ وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَلْ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ حَتَّى إِذَا قَضَى حَدِيثَهُ قَالَ أَيْنَ أُرَاهُ السَّائِلُ عَنْ السَّاعَةِ قَالَ هَا أَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ فَإِذَا ضُيِّعَتْ الْأَمَانَةُ فَانْتَظِرْ السَّاعَةَ قَالَ كَيْف...

ppssnm https://www.ppssnm.online The Durand Line, established in 1893, is a historically contentious border demarcating Afghanistan and Pakistan. Here's a structured overview of its history and implications: ### **Origins and Colonial Context** - **1893 Agreement**: Named after British diplomat Sir Mortimer Durand, the line was negotiated between British India and Afghan Amir Abdur Rahman Khan. It aimed to define spheres of influence and stabilize the British Empire's northwestern frontier. - **Imposition and Controversy**: Critics argue the agreement was coerced, reflecting colonial power dynamics. The 2,640 km (1,640 mi) border split ethnic Pashtun and Baloch tribes, disregarding their territorial ties. ### **Post-Colonial Disputes** - **1947 Partition**: Upon Pakistan's independence, it inherited the Durand Line. Afghanistan rejected its legitimacy, arguing the agreement lapsed with British rule and was not binding on Pakistan. - **Pashtunistan Movement**: Afghanistan s...

ppssnm https://www.ppssnm.online The **Baluchistan Copper-Gold Project** is a significant mining initiative in Pakistan, focusing on the exploration and development of copper and gold resources in the **Baluchistan province**. This region is part of the **Tethyan Metallogenic Belt**, a well-known geological zone rich in mineral deposits, including copper, gold, and other precious metals. Below are the key details about the project: --- ### **1. Location** - The project is located in **Baluchistan**, Pakistan, which is known for its vast mineral resources. - Specific sites of interest include the **Reko Diq** area, which is one of the largest undeveloped copper-gold deposits in the world. --- ### **2. Geological Significance** - The region lies within the **Tethyan Belt**, which stretches from Europe to Asia and is highly prospective for copper, gold, and other metals. - The deposits are primarily **porphyry copper-gold systems**, which are large, low-grade deposits that can be economi...